Good Work in School Counseling

by Mark Veronica

​The original Good Work study examined the relationship between top quality performance and ethical responsibility by interviewing professionals in various fields to assess the current status of their profession and to speculate about its future (Gardner, Csikszentmihalyi, & Damon, 2001). My dissertation study followed the Good Work model, continuing the extension of Good Work analyses into other fields by focusing on professional school counselors. Ten in-depth interviews were conducted with practicing high school counselors. Qualitative analysis revealed three overarching themes: Obstacles to Alignment, Concern for the Future, and Implications for Counselor Education.

Within each category are two central recurring themes. The “obstacles to alignment” category includes themes of the persistent struggle with role definition among stakeholders, and unrelated duties that obstruct effectiveness. The “concern for the future” category includes two main themes: budget cuts that threaten positions, and the danger of rising caseloads. The national average caseload for a school counselor is perilously high, at 459 students – almost double the maximum recommended caseload and four to five times the ideal ratio. Perennial threats to school budget cuts cause concerns that these numbers may rise, reducing a school counselor’s ability to work effectively. The “implications for counselor education” category includes two themes: calls for more practical training, and calls for more instructors with experience in the field. Participants felt that their graduate training overemphasized theoretical background at the expense of practical training, and saw the need to have more courses taught by practicing school counselors instead of professors who lack recent experience in the K-12 school environment.

Alignment

While the original Good Work study found journalism to be a field that is presently not well-aligned, it also revealed hope for alignment within the domain as evidenced by the consensus among 92% of the respondents who separately and spontaneously mentioned the importance in their work of adherence to professional standards such as truthfulness and fairness. Their focus on common core values of the profession is essential to maintaining their common sense of direction and restoring alignment. Similarly, my study found the field of professional school counseling to be not well aligned at present but also revealed signs of hope for future realignment.

Professional alignment is analogous to the way a well-aligned car has all wheels working together smoothly, in conjunction, to all pull in the same direction at the same time to maximize efficiency. A car in need of alignment may still work, but it does not function nearly as effectively as it could.

Good Work in School Counseling

My qualitative investigation of professional school counselors began immediately after the release of the results of the largest quantitative survey of school counselors ever conducted, which revealed several significant, widespread concerns regarding school counselors’ professional identity. The survey of over 5300 practicing school counselors identified such disparity within the field that the report is subtitled “Counseling at a Crossroads.” A counselor educator mentioned that the field lacks identity, and a prior survey of college students rated the high school guidance system as inadequate. The school counselor’s role is perceived differently by administrators, teachers, parents, students, and even counselors themselves at various levels (elementary, middle, and high school) and in different settings (public and private schools). The pervasive lack of role definition often results in counselors trying to be all things to all people, an insurmountable task that invariably leaves them falling short.

My interview participants echoed this sense of misalignment. Their overriding sentiment is that few stakeholders have a clear picture of the actual role of the school counselor. Three participants offered concise but direct answers. One referred to “a disconnect in what they think I do, what I really do, and what they’d like me to do.” Another was more blunt: “I don’t think they know what our role is…I don’t think they really have a clue.” One stated, “I think it is a basic lack of understanding of what it is we do.” Others suggested that various stakeholders each see one piece of the puzzle, but none sees the complete picture of the school counselor’s role.

Upon closer examination, other participants pointed out that beneath this apparent lack of alignment on the surface, there is some fundamental underlying harmony. “They are aligned in the sense that they will all say I want what’s best for the kid. But then everybody’s opinion is different on how you get what is best for the kid…There is a commonality but there is a difference of opinion of what is best for the kid, know what I mean. And we are the peacemakers, we are the mediators, the diplomatic person in that picture and we are supposed to make that all smooth and work, where everybody is coming at a different angle.”

Similarly, one respondent referred to alignment in the sense of having a common objective:

“We service each of those groups differently, for the same common goal, but each one has a different view on things…I think the expectations are similar, they just have different outlooks; their perspectives are a little bit different for each person. The goal is to have the kid graduate and be successful. I think everyone would have just a slightly different bend towards that.” Just as the key for journalists to restore alignment is to focus on their core principles, school counselors can improve alignment by continuing to focus on the best interests of their students.

The Cornfield Effect

To make an analogy that combines the imagery of a professional field’s stakeholders’ common roots but varying perspectives of alignment, the concept of the Cornfield Effect is introduced. Upon first glance, something that initially appears disordered, arbitrary, or chaotic may suddenly appear to make more sense when viewed from a slightly different perspective. When one drives past farms, the crops first seem to be scattered randomly across the field – until the moment when your angle of vision suddenly allows you to see that the plants are actually systematically arranged in precise patterns of parallel rows. The phenomenon of gaining a clearer understanding of something by looking at it from a slightly different perspective can be called The Cornfield Effect. [see images below]

In Good Work terms, a professional field may initially appear to be uncoordinated, but closer inspection reveals it does have some alignment if stakeholders share common roots. A profession’s stakeholders often have a partial view of the field, where it overlaps their vested interests. They may make conclusions about that profession based on extrapolating from their limited familiarity, but getting the most complete, accurate picture requires an analysis of the insider’s viewpoint. Good Work studies of various professions provide illumination deep within each field to discern the influences that steer its future direction.  In any field, strong roots are essential to produce the fruits of workers’ labor. In both journalism and school counseling, closer inspection reveals that a field lacking alignment on the surface does share some common ground among stakeholders.

Beyond Good Work, the term Cornfield Effect can be used to describe that moment of clarity when an unclear or abstract concept suddenly makes sense. I have experienced the Cornfield Effect in math class, when a slightly different explanation causes me to say, “Oh, now I get it!” and more recently in a multicultural counseling course when I reacted, “Huh, I never thought of it that way before.”

The full text of this dissertation study is available online at http://gradworks.umi.com/35/41/3541167.html

Young Children Exploring the 3 Es (Three Part Series): Part One – What’s happening in the classroom?

by Jo Hoffman

Since June of 2011, my daughter Amy and I have been working with the GoodWork Toolkit team to adapt some of the Toolkit activities so that they would be appropriate for children who are six to eight years old—the ages of the students in my daughter Amy’s 1st and 2nd grade multiage class.  Encouraged by Lynn, Wendy, and Margot and collaborating with me, Amy wrote curriculum activities for each of the 3 Es.  She is in her second year of incorporating Toolkit activities into her unit on citizenship in the community, and through writing units that focused on narratives and self-expression.  Together we are looking for evidence of development in the children’s thinking about the concepts of the 3 Es.  Amy has collected work samples, photos, and audio recordings from her young learners that are the result of many, many concrete experiences exploring the concepts of the 3 Es.

Amy has begun each school year with conversations about GoodWork. (Amy and her students describe activities involving the 3Es as GoodWork time.)  She embarked on exploration of each of the 3Es with essential questions and discussion designed to introduce her students to the concepts surrounding the “E” to be explored.  To gauge children’s initial understandings and as a pre-assessment, a word list is created via class discussion/brainstorming of all the meanings they have for the “E” being investigated.  Amy offers an age-appropriate definition for them and then encourages the class to develop their own definitions too over the course of the days of related experiences.  As an example, the definition she uses to introduce ethics is:  Ethics is what you believe makes you a good friend, brother or sister, or classmate.  Ethics is being with others and respecting whoever you’re with so that everyone is working together in a happy way to get things done.  One of her students developed this definition for ethics after several days of related activities:  “Ethics is having confidence in yourself to make smart choices.”  Other activities within the 3 or 4 days of initial focus on each of the Es included narratives and student responses, word mapping, webquests and the value sort activity using technology, and other developmentally appropriate related activities.  For instance, an activity to explore Engagement is for children to reflect on the things that they like to do and think they are good at doing, developing trading cards with pictures and writing about their “expertise.” Then working with a partner, they trade cards and think of ways that they can help one another in their class community using something they are good at doing.

Amy has been doing a great job documenting the activities and discussions surrounding the 3Es.  It is fascinating to listen to audio recordings of the students in their class discussions about GoodWork and in looking at the photos that Amy has taken of their word maps and word sorts.   Her 1st and 2nd graders’ responses and participation vary, as even young learners bring a variety of prior experiences and understandings to the ‘table’.  Listening in on a class discussion, we hear students’ initial perceptions of What is GoodWork?  For example, GoodWork is: “getting better at something, trying new things,” trying and trying and not giving up.”  In a class conversation about Engagement, we hear some insightful early thoughts from her students to the prompt – It’s important to like what you’re learning about because:  “it helps you get better at stuff,”” it makes it fun,” “it makes you try harder”.  The discussion deepens their understandings as they interact with one another and compare their ideas.  Amy guides them to expand their beginning understandings by partnering them to tackle an online word mapping activity, adding higher level and more descriptive vocabulary.

After this September and October’s GoodWork activities, the students came up with the initial idea to do something “good” for someone or some group.  Through class discussions and ideas about what to do and for whom, it was decided to do a school-wide read-a-thon to raise money for a yet-to-be determined school in Nepal working with an organization that could help deliver school supplies.  Not long after, Superstorm Sandy hit NJ and when they finally had school again 10 days later, Amy and her students decided that due to widespread damage and devastation, there would be people and schools needing money for supplies right in their own state. Since Amy is always seeking ideas to keep the GoodWork conversation alive throughout the school year, she’ll be using short video clips that resonate with the 3Es for her students to respond to after the holidays.  The spring brings the final activity where students write their own GoodWork narratives.  Last year’s work samples were intriguing.  Here’s an example that two students wrote together:

Bob and Mary are building a wind farm.  James could not build a wind farm by himself, but he wanted to.  He said, I cannot do this.  Upon hearing James’s frustration, a girl names Starr told him they could make a wind farm together!  So, they got some stuff to make it and then they made even more.  They still put on long wires, next they put on the long tube, they also put blades and then it looked awesome and they were happy.  Then they decided they would make even more windmills so they got to work and did the same thing.  Finally, they connected the bird baths to the windmills and the water went from one side to another!

The examples of students’ words and work I’ve included here are part of the growing body of evidence that there has been development in the children’s thinking and understanding of excellence, ethics, and engagement.  They seem to be discovering the variety of meanings that the concepts of the Toolkit embrace. There are still more questions to answer, such as what additional activities could be planned for expanding their learning?  Mid-way through year two of young children exploring the 3Es, we will continue to examine the student work samples for more outcomes and indicators — evidence that investigating the concepts of the Toolkit has had a positive effect.  I look forward to sharing our findings – more to come!

“Character Compass”

by Emily Weinstein

Last week, the CMEI hosted former PZer Scott Seider as he spoke about his new book, Character Compass. His talk covered broad issues of character education and outlined his experience studying three Boston schools that have made character development a focus.  PZer and HGSE doctoral student Emily Weinstein attended the talk and reflected on Seider’s ideas and her key takeaways.

Seider began by describing the field of character education and the multifaceted meaning of “character” itself. He described the definitional challenge posed by studying character education; people within and across fields have different conceptions of what character means and whether it refers to psychological, social, emotional, behavioral and/or cognitive competencies. Seider explained that while No Child Left Behind was detrimental to character education and drew attention away from ethical and moral development in schools in the early 2000’s, there has been a resurgence of energy around the topic in the last few years. He highlighted an important transition—from simply getting “to” college to getting “to and through” college.” The energy around helping students achieve and persist in college has reinvigorated character education in schools.

Seider’s talk focused on a study of three Boston schools, all of which have character education as part of their missions. At Boston Prep, for example, a new charter school with character education as an explicit component of the school, Seider observed school-based ethics training in action. The school’s core curriculum includes a weekly class in ethical philosophy, which has a different focus in each grade. For instance, in 6th grade, students focus on learning and understanding concepts, such as truth. Across middle school, the course content becomes more complex and students read texts from Gandhi and consider the actions of historical figures like Harvey Milk. In high school, the course pushes students to form their own definitions and principles. Seider quoted one student who explained that whereas middle school ethics class might be more like a restaurant, the high school version is like a kitchen: students take an active role in creating and developing their own understandings in ways that fit with their lives. Before graduation, students complete a capstone project, writing their own code of ethics.

The two other schools Seider observed and studied also included an emphasis on character as a part of their mission statements. He compared the three systems, looking at the different approaches (i.e., emphasizing moral, civic, and/or performance character) and explored how the school’s emphasis influenced activities and actions and, in turn, student outcomes.

Seider noted that one effect of ethics class is the infusion of ethical language into student and faculty conversation, from the classrooms to the sports fields. Seider also explained that middle and high school students are forming and solidifying key facets of their identities, creating schemas and exploring their self-concepts. The ethics courses and character education program complements and energizes schema building, providing an additional layer to students’ consideration of questions such as “who am I and how do I act?”

Seider’s mixed methods approach was another strength of his presentation; he shared both quantitative data capturing salient trends as well as rich qualitative stories based on more than 93 class observations and  student interviews. The idea that ethics was infused in the language of these schools is compelling in and of itself; students (and teachers and parents) in schools with formal and required ethics courses are regularly engaged in discussions on character, ethics, and morality. In addition, taking valuable class time for character education further signals the importance of these concepts. As the schools are relatively young, it will be exciting to follow their programs – and Scott’s work – over the next few years. Scott’s discussion of his work provided a meaningful contribution to the ongoing discussion at HGSE about civic and moral education and, of course, it was exciting to hear about such timely work from a fellow Ed School graduate and former PZer.

GoodWork in Scotland: Billy Zima and Identity Artworks

by Margot Locker

Billy Zima is the Director of Identity Artworks in Scotland, working with challenging youth in schools countrywide. Billy began using the Value Sort with students and teachers to begin conversations on values and beliefs in classrooms, a tool many have found valuable tool for self-actualization and beginning a dialogue on GoodWork. Billy’s approach with Identity Artworks is not simply to target students but to begin the GoodWork discussion on 5 different levels within the high schools he works with:

1. The Headmaster (Principal)

2. The Depute Heads (SMT – Senior Management Team)

3. Specialty staff (ASN – Additional Support Needs) – who in time share the knowledge with mainstream teaching staff

4. High Tariff Students

5. Regular Students

Recently, Billy filled us in on a session he led with five Additional Support Needs teachers and two Identity Artworks facilitators. He read the group “Looking Good” from the GoodWork Toolkit, the story of Ray, a middle-aged history teacher who struggles to hold students accountable in an environment of grade inflation and pressure from the administration to make his students look successful.  The teachers reflected on the narrative and the broader implications of GoodWork in their community.

Teachers commented on how this dilemma felt “familiar,” one teacher remarking “You want the best for the child…above everything…but you also want your school to look good you, want these other things.” They discussed the tension Ray faced as a teacher and what that means. Many teachers in the group described that they felt compelled to provide everything for their students; academic instruction, emotional support, and more, and they are unsure of where to draw the line.

Some felt that Ray was thinking solely as a teacher, one commenting “that’s my bottom line when things are really going badly at the end of the day. I trained to be a teacher but he’s trying to only be the teacher…I think now one more way to expect the teacher to be everything to the child. We’re expected to be the parent, the social worker, the counselor.”  This took the conversation toward a reflection on the pilot program these teachers were a part of, working to help students who are behaviorally challenged to prepare to enter mainstream courses. The group spent the duration of the session thinking through their pilot couched in the context of the narrative they had read and what their roles and responsibilities are as teachers.Billy will continue to work with this school, next presenting to students, hopefully using a combination of value sort and narratives to guide discussions.

Billy also had groups of students and teachers complete the value sort as a vehicle to ignite GoodWork discussion. He recently led a two-day series of workshops and gave the value sort cards to around 120 people 3 groups of approximately 40 people. He shared some reactions individuals had to the Value Sort:

“I’ve never had to think like this before”.

“They never taught me this in school.”

“I wish I had know this about myself a long time ago.”

Stay tuned: Billy and Identity Artworks continue to spread GoodWork into schools, companies, and prisons in the future. We are excited to hear more as this work progresses!

Materiality as a means to deepen understanding in social sciences in high schools

by Aaron Faver

In November of 2009, I was lucky enough to participate in an event put on by the PZ team from Harvard working in conjunction with the CASIE Institute out of Atlanta, GA,  The event, held in Washington, DC, was called “Educating for Today and Tomorrow.”  At this symposium, Dr. Gardner spoke on a Sunday morning in what became popularly known as the “sermon on the mount,” primarily called this because the Washington International School where it was held was, in fact, on a mount, but also because of both the revolutionary nature of the ideas expressed by Dr. Gardner, and the passion with which he spoke about them.  Among these were the three E’s that the GoodWork team at Harvard works so hard to implement in the educational community at large.  These three E’s are excellence, engagement, and ethics.

I am currently lucky enough to participate in a great opportunity for my students that I wanted to share with everyone that involve these three visionary ideas for American education.  The Remnant Trust, a collection of rare books, manuscripts, documents, and first edition books, is on display at a local university, West Texas A&M University.  Last year my class went to the Panhandle Plains Historical Museum to view these books and to have the opportunity to see and touch the books..  without gloves!  This year, that effort was extended by the Director, Dr. Baum, who is allowing high schools and junior high schools in the Panhandle to bring these books into the classroom and use them for a week at a time.  I wish all of you could see my students’ imaginations coming to life with questions about where the books had been, who had held them, whether or not they’d ever been aboard a ship, wondering as to whether or not they’d ever been in the presence of a king, etc.

The students respond to the age of these books, and in that way, they somehow become part of the books’ stories.  Some examples: a traveling judge’s copy of the “Magna Carta”, ca. 1341; Augustine’s “Confessions,” ca. 1491; Declaration of Independence, 1776; “Spirit of Laws” by Montesquieu, ca. 1752.  These are just a few examples.  If everyone would be interested in checking out more, take a look at this link!  My hope as an educator is that we can expand this enterprise to be a normal part of students’ experiences in the educational process from an earlier age (8th grade forward).  The experience can not be replicated by using modern technology.

Finally, I wanted to open up and ask you all for  new ideas and ways of integrating these types of instructional materials into day-to-day and week-to-week practices.  It’s not often that we, as educators, are able to teach students “textuality” while also dealing with “materiality”.  In Texas, we have a definitive curriculum to teach, and a highly limited amount of time to teach that curriculum within, as many of you know (meeting the demands of standardized testing). How do we incorporate these texts into a curriculum without adding “time-issue” burdens?